Business studies grade 12 past papers pdf download. Download free question papers and memos.

Business studies grade 12 past papers pdf download. These materials are designed to help you understand exam formats, identify key topics, and practice effectively. March Tests: Review past March tests to get ready for upcoming exams. Apr 2, 2020 · Here’s a collection of past Business Studies papers plus memos to help you prepare for the matric exams. Limpopo Department of Education > Home Limpopo Department of Education 1 day ago · GCE A/L Business Studies Past Papers in Tamil Medium General Certificate of Education (Advanced Level) Examination Conducted by Department of Examinations, Sri Lanka Medium: Tamil Subject: Business Studies Years: 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 Download (PDF) Jun 1, 2022 · Download grade 12 Business Studies second term test past paper with answers in Sinhala medium. Download Term Test Papers PDF. Below is a collection of official national exam papers from 2020 to 2024, sourced from the Department of Basic Education (DBE). Sri Lanka Business Studies Past Papers PDF Download. Find all Accounting Grade 12 Past Exam Papers and memos for 2025, 2024, and 2023. Free Zambian Past Papers. Our Grade 12 Business Studies Exam Papers app offers a wide range of past exam papers from the National Senior Certificate (NSC) examinations conducted in South Africa between 2013 and 2019. These papers are organised by subject and cover Term 1, Term 2, Term 3, and Term 4 Nov 18, 2024 · 2016 ASC Exam Papers (May/June) 2016 Feb/March NSC Examination Papers 2015 November NSC Examination Papers 2015 Feb/March NSC Examination Papers 2014 November NSC Examination Papers 2014 Feb/March NSC Examination Papers 2014 Grade 12 NSC Exemplars 2013 November NSC Examination Papers 2013 Feb/March NSC Examination Papers 2012 November NSC DBE Past Exam Papers Download CAPS/DBE past exam papers for grades 12 to 1 for 50+ different subjects. Jan 17, 2024 · Business Studies Grade 12 September 2020, Past Exam Papers and Memo Pdf List of Business Studies Grade 12 September 2020, Past Exam Papers and Memo Pdf Questions and Answers for Business Studies Grade 12 Browse a list of Business Studies Questions and Answers: Explain the purpose of the Consumer Protection Act Impact of consumer Protection Dec 8, 2021 · Download Grade 12 Economics Term Test Papers, Model Papers, Grade 12 Short notes in Sinhala, English, and Tamil Medium. Sep 26, 2023 · 2023 Business Studies Grade 12 Past Papers June 2023 Business Studies Past Papers Examination papers and memoranda from the 2021 November exam. The largest collection of past exam papers for grades 1-12 for almost all subjects. his book provides you with all the information you need to cover the Grade 10 curriculum. Download free ECZ past papers in PDF format. The Department of Education, Republic of South Africa has released the Business Studies past question papers for Matric (NSC) examination. The papers are for Term 1, Term 2, Term 3, and Term 4 Grade 12 Past Exam Papers (NSC) Use these Grade 12 past exam papers to revise for your Business Studies matric exams. Dec 26, 2023 · Education Ministry has released unit wise exam papers and answers on Business Studies Subject for GCE A/L 2023 Students. You can download grade 12 term test papers PDF for 1st term test, 2nd term test, and third term test for free. Modern Classroom has everything for you needed to pass your matric exams, tests, assessments, research tasks and assignments under CAPS Curriculum. June Exams: Review past June examination papers for practice Grade 12 Business Studies. Grade 12 Past exam papers. General Certificate of Secondary Education, GCE | GCSE Exam Past Papers. DBE Question Papers and Memoranda NSC 2023 Oct/Nov NSC 2023 Jan 6, 2024 · List of Business Studies Grade 12 for 2021 Exam Papers and Memos April 2021: Business-Studies-Gr-12-April-2021-QP-and-Memo. Download free question papers and memos. For Grade 12 students, preparing for the National Senior Certificate (NSC) exams can be a significant challenge. 2020, 2019, 2018 (February/March, May/June, September, and November. Business Studies Grade 12 Subject Exemplars, Past Exam Papers and Study Guides 2022, 2021, 2020: Learning Resources, Revision Notes, Revision Videos, Past Papers and Memos Pdf for download, Free Study Guides, and Text books. The matric exams are the biggest exams of your school career and can be intimidating for many people. ZEDPastExams is a treasure trove where you can download Zambian ECZ past papers from various grade levels and subjects for free. Access The Largest collection of IEB Past Papers in over 79 Subjects. Apr 13, 2022 · Welcome to the Business Studies Grade 12 Learner’s Book. Jan 26, 2024 · Business Studies Grade 12 March 2020, Past Exam Papers and Memo Pdf List of Business Studies Grade 12 March 2020, Past Exam Papers and Memo Pdf Hello Grade 12 Learners. These grade 12 term test papers are available in PDF format. Jan 5, 2024 · View All Business Studies Grade 12 Past Papers and Memos Here More Questions and Answers from Previous Question Papers What is more useful for a grade 12 learner than actual exam questions and answers from previous question papers? We have collected 100s of grade 12 questions and answers for Grade 12 subjects from all South African Provinces: Limpopo, Gauteng, Free State, North West, Eastern Oct 22, 2024 · Find out how to effectively use Grade 12 Business Studies past papers (with memos) to prepare for your matric exam. Business Studies Grade 12 2023 May/June Past Papers and Memos PDF Download List of Business Studies Grade 12 May – June 2023 common exam question papers with the memorandums Oct 16, 2023 · This article contains NSSCO (Grade 11) and NSSCAS (Grade 12) Namibia Past question papers, which you can download as PDF and save on your device we have collected various learning resources to help students who are sitting for their national examinations to use this exam papers for revision. One location for anyone in Matric or grade 12 to get their past papers and Memorandums for their finals revision. pdf Download Find IGCSE Business Studies 0450 past papers, question papers, marking schemes, and grade thresholds. Updated with 2022 and 2023 May Past Papers Sep 29, 2020 · Papua New Guinea PNG Grade 12 Examination Papers. Examination papers and memoranda from the 2021 May/June exam. May 5, 2017 · These question papers and memoranda can also be downloaded from the National Department of Basic Education's website. Download Southern Province Grade 12 Business Studies 2020 2 Term Test Paper Sinhala, Tamil and English Medium. Oct 9, 2024 · Matric Business Studies Past Papers November with Memos All students who appear for the matric exams in grade 12 aim to achieve a high score that will offer them admission into university programmes. View and Download papers and get prepare for Exams. They are very helpful for exam preparation. e-Thaksalawa consists of resources developed aligned to grade 1 to 13 curriculams such as creative lessons, all learning resources including past papers, term papers, questions, syllabuses, text books, teacher instruction manuals. May 14, 2025 · Business Studies Grade 12 Term 2 May/June Exam Papers With Memorandums PDF Download By Lubanzi Share Content Join Telegram Aug 21, 2024 · Download the Free PDF of CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Previous Year Question Papers along with solutions & marking scheme from the year 2013 to 2024 for Board exams 2025. Sri Lanka Business Studies Model Papers PDF Download. Examination papers and memoranda from the 2022 May/June exam. This file includes the official Memorandum, Past Paper, and Sample Test Grade 12 Past Papers. On this page you will find the Grade 12 past exam papers and memos for all CAPS subjects, including Mathematics, Mathematical Literacy, Physical Sciences, Life Sciences, Accounting, Business Studies, Economics, Geography, History, English, Afrikaans, IsiZulu, Sesotho, and others. Jan 1, 2024 · View All Business Studies Grade 12 Past Papers and Memos Here More Questions and Answers from Previous Question Papers What is more useful for a grade 12 learner than actual exam questions and answers from previous question papers? We have collected 100s of grade 12 questions and answers for Grade 12 subjects from all South African Provinces: Limpopo, Gauteng, Free State, North West, Eastern Download Grade 12 Business Studies past papers for the March tests, June exams, prelim exams, and November exams for all subjects from 2012 to 2024. Jul 25, 2024 · Grade 12 Past Exam Papers – All Subjects And Languages Use past exam papers to assist you in studying for your Matric exams. Download Grade 12 Past Exam Papers with memos, notes and study Guides from SA Exam Papers. Examination papers and memoranda from the 2023 November exam. Apr 19, 2024 · In this section, you will find the November 2021 Business Studies Grade 12 Final Exams Question Papers and Memos PDF for download. The Largest Collection of CAPS DBE NSC Grade 12 Past Papers and Memos for Every Subject from 2025 to 2008. Whether you're preparing for Grade 7, Grade 9, Grade 12, or any other level, we've got you covered. FREE | Downloadable Study Guides (Workbooks) for Grade 12 Business Studies, in all topics. Grade 12 Business Studies past exam papers and memos. Feel free to ECZ past papers, grade 9 Prepare for outstanding results in Grade 9 examinations with Examination council of Zambia Past Papers. Past papers are free to download. NSC Past papers covering the IEB and DBE. It will also help you develop skills, attitudes and values required to excel in Business Studies. Past papers of Cambridge IGCSE Business Studies (0450) are available from 2002 up to the latest session. Jul 12, 2025 · Grade 12 Business Studies past exam papers and memos. South African National Department of Basic EducationUse these previous exam papers to revise and prepare for the upcoming NSC exams. Sep 9, 2022 · Find all Business Studies Grade 12 previous exam question papers and memorandums (memos) for all the years (2022, 2020, 2021, 2020 – 2015) in pdf downloadable format. Below, you’ll find stream-wise access to free PYQ PDFs along with official CBSE marking scheme-based solutions. 2 (2) (2) (6) (4) (6) [20] Name TW lary determination methods businesses can use to pay employee Read th ce ario below and answer the questions that follow. Old Grade 12 Exam Papers Grade 9 Past Papers. These papers are useful for exam revision and practice. Jul 10, 2024 · Download grade 12 Business Studies term test papers with answers in Sinhala, English, and Tamil medium. Grade 12. This invaluable resource provides students with access to a wide range of subject past papers, including English, Mathematics, Science, Business Studies, civics, computer studies, cinyanja and more. Select a subject and download past papers for free. Here, you can download Examinations Grade 12 Past Exam papers ANA Exemplars Matric Results Curriculum Curriculum Assessment Policy Statements Practical Assessment Tasks School Based Assessment Mind the Gap Study Guides Learning and Teaching Support Materials Research Find all Study Papers - Past Exams Papers and Memos Directory Past Exam Papers and memos for 2025, 2024, and 2023. Jul 5, 2025 · Matric exam papers, NSC past exam papers, grade 12 exam question past papers Pdf Download. Grade 12 Previous Question Papers and Memorandums (Answers). Download free Exam Papers and study notes for Grade 12 , Grade 11 , Grade 10 for Physical Science, Maths, Geography,IT, English, Accounting and Afrikaans Feb 3, 2024 · Download Business Studies Grade 12 Past Exam Papers and Memos 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016 : Pdf Download February/ March, May/June, September, and November. These documents help students consolidate their year-round learning of business studies. The papers are in English and Afrikaans. Testpapers. Past Paper available in PDF format. South African National Department of Basic Education Whether you’re looking for N4 Business Studies Past Exam Papers PDF, N5 Business Studies Question Papers and Memos, or N6 Business Studies Previous Exam Papers Download, we’ve got you covered. All Rights Reserved May 14, 2025 · Business Studies Grade 12 Term 4 November Exam Papers With Memorandums PDF Download Jul 12, 2025 · One of the best strategies is to solve CBSE Class 12 previous year question papers for each subject. Feb 4, 2025 · Exam papers and Study notes for Business Studies. Here, you'll find a comprehensive range of past papers and memos ranging from 2025 to 2008. . Covers the entire Grade 12 curriculum, from Term 1 to Term 3. GRADE 12 BUSINESS STUDIES PAST PAPERS AND MEMOS, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PDF FREE DOWNLOAD Examination papers and memoranda from the 2022 November exam. Here are the past exam papers and memos from 2017 - 2020. Grade 12 Business Studies students are expected to write a mid-year exam (June Exams). Past Exam Papers for Business Studies Grade 12 include February/March, June, September, and November the following years: 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, and 2016 Download Grade 12 National Senior Certificate (NSC) past examination papers for 2016 to 2024 with memos and answer books where applicable. Gr12 exam papers for Mathematics, Physical Sciences. Grade 12 Past Exam papers ANA Exemplars Matric Results Curriculum Assessment Policy Statements Practical Assessment Tasks School Based Assessment Mind the Gap Study Guides Learning and Teaching Support Materials BUSINESS STUDIES PAST PAPERS WITH ANSWERS (2015-2023) - Free download as PDF File (. Jun 24, 2025 · Download 2019 A/L Business Studies Past Paper Sinhala Medium, Prepared and Published by Department of Education, Sri Lanka. Grade 12 learners will benefit greatly when using it as part of their examination preparation. Grade 11. Sep 26, 2020 · The importance of using past questions in preparing for your Examinations Council of Zambia (ECZ) Grade 7, 9 and 12 Examination, cannot be over emphasized. Official website of the National Institute for Educational Development (NIED). The past exam papers are available for 51 different subjects. This way you can find out what you already know and what you don't know. Curriculum » National Curriculum Statements Grades R-12 » 2020 Grade 12 Exemplars May 14, 2025 · Business Studies Grade 12 Term 1 Feb/March Exam Papers With Memorandums PDF Download By Lubanzi Share Content Join Telegram May 19, 2021 · Business Studies NSC and SC Grade 12 Past Exam Papers and Memos for 2020: November (Afrikaans and English): Business Studies NSC Past Papers Grade 12 Business Studies SC Past Papers Grade 12 Hello Grade 12 Learners. Download Bursaries & universities Explore 2024 bursaries, university guidelines, and more. It offers the following content: Practice Problems: Access a wide range of problems to help prepare for various subjects. txt) or read online for free. Business Studies Grade 12 Past Exam Paper for Paper 1, Paper 2 and Paper 3, as well the Memorandum can easily be found on this page and We have grouped these papers by Year and Exam Semester. Eastern Cape Examinations, examinations, Examination Papers, past papers, past exam papers, past question papers Jan 3, 2024 · View All Business Studies Grade 12 Past Papers and Memos Here More Questions and Answers from Previous Question Papers What is more useful for a grade 12 learner than actual exam questions and answers from previous question papers? We have collected 100s of grade 12 questions and answers for Grade 12 subjects from all South African Provinces: Limpopo, Gauteng, Free State, North West, Eastern Grade 12 term test papers with answers for all subjects. Welcome to SA Exam Papers Grade 12 Subjects Page. Study notes and guides available. The subject includes Paper 1 and Paper 2, both of which test knowledge on business environments, operations, strategies, and essays. Download Grade 12 Business Studies Past Exam Papers, Memos and Notes from our massive collection in English and Afrikaans which ranges from 2024 to 2009. Business Studies Grade 12 Past Exam Paper for Paper 1, Paper 2 and Paper 3, as well the Memorandum, We have grouped these papers by year and Exam Semester (Term 1, Term 2, Term 3 and Term 4), All Exam Papers are in PDF format, easy to read and download. Examination papers and memorandam from the 2018 NSC May June exam. A directorate within the Namibia Ministry of Education, NIED is responsible for developing curricula, research, and providing educational materials and training. On this page you will find a full list of Business Studies Grade 12 past exam papers and memos in PDF format, available in both English and Afrikaans. Download Zambian past examination papers for Grade 12 and pass your examination with flying colours. com QUESTION 4: (MISCELLANOUS TOPICS) BUSINESS OPERATIONS Common Test 2023 4. Business Studies in Sri Lanka. Gazette, Government Documents, Exam Past Papers, Model Papers, Term Test Papers, Text Books Free Download FWC Thondamanaru Past Paers with Answers for all stream. On this page, we made it easy for grade 12 learners to find all the past exam papers by subject. The material comes from trusted sources such as the Department of Basic Education (DBE) and the Limpopo Department of Education, and is aligned with the NSC curriculum and recent exam memoranda. Get tips, insights, and examples from 2023 papers. Jun 23, 2020 · Grade 12 Business Studies app is designed to provide students with essential resources to help them succeed in their academic journey. Paper 1/Paper 2. Jan 18, 2024 · Business Studies Grade 12 Exam Papers and Memos (South Africa): Business Studies Grade 12 Exam Papers and Memos (2020, 2019, 2018, 2017) for free download. Grade 12 Past Papers A Accounting Afrikaans FAL Afrikaans HL Afrikaans SAL Agricultural Management Practices Agricultural Sciences Agricultural Technology B Business Studies C Civil Technology Computer Applications Technology Consumer Studies Jan 29, 2024 · Business Studies Grade 12 past papers and revision notes 2021, 2020, 20219 and more Exam Past Papers Memos, Free Pdf Downloads for Textbooks and Study Guides. The largest collection of past exam papers for grade 12 CAPS 2025. Perfect for understanding key business concepts, these papers will help you succeed in your exams. We help learners build subject confidence with our educational apps Download our educational apps for great academic results! Achieved combined downloads of over 3 million! Apps for Grade 8 up to Grade 12 subjects We provide online tutoring service Download JSDT SOLUTIONS applications NOW! Jan 30, 2024 · Download the Business Studies Grade 11 Exam Papers and Memos pdf for 2025 here. Hello Grade 12 2025 Learners. Download CAPS NSC past papers from 2025 to 2021 in English and Afrikaans. As part of our commitment to the community, we provide these resources for free to help Grade 12 students excel in their studies. The goal of the Ministry is to ensure that our common commitment to progress in education, arts and culture is oriented towards ensuring that our combined efforts and resources have the maximum possible impact in areas that are of significance. Please note the collection on display here includes the official (November) papers as well as exemplars To download the November Exam Business Studies papers for Grade 12 (G12) from 2023, follow these steps for each provided link: Steps to Download Click the Links: Click on the provided links for the respective documents below. The memos and exam papers are available in Afrikaans and English. Examination papers and memorandam from the 2018 November exam. Use these previous exam papers to revise and prepare for the upcoming NSC exams. You can simply click on the linked subjects Prepare for CBSE Class 12 Business Studies exams with FREE solved question papers from the last 10 years. Exam papers and Study notes for Business Studies. These past exam papers will definitely help you for your exam revisions. NSC / Matric Exams. 1 4. Jan 15, 2024 · Download Mind the Gap Business Studies Grade 12 on pdf for your proper revisions and exam preparations for 2020: The Mind the Gap Business Studies has been designed to assist Grade 12 learners who have been underperforming due to lack of exposure to the content requirements of the Curriculum Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS). The document provides information about a business studies booklet that contains past exam papers and answers from 2015 to 2022 for grades 5 through 12. Apr 16, 2025 · This is the Business Studies Paper 2 for National Senior Certificate Nov/Dec 2024. Practicing Past Papers brings many benefits such as Feb 25, 2025 · Business Studies 10 STUDY NOTES Past Year Exam Papers (updated 2025/02/25) KZN SCOPE 2025 2025 ATP Exam Guidlines EC March QP and Memo EC SB March QP & Memo GP Sosh March QP &Memo KZN June P1 only LP June P1 and Memo LP June P2 and Memo 2024 March QP and Memo MP March QP and Memo Eastern Cape Examinations Oct 5, 2022 · On the Matric Downloads site, you will find Grade 12 past papers and memos. Papers are available for Term 2, Term 3, and Term 4, covering real May/June, September, and November Final exams Examination papers and memoranda from the 2022 November exam. Grade 12: DBE 2024 notes, organised by term (one PDF per term) Grades 10 Aug 15, 2022 · PapaCambridge provides Cambridge IGCSE Business Studies (0450) latest past papers and resources that includes syllabus, specimens, question papers, marking schemes, resource booklet, FAQ’s, Teacher’s resources and a lot more. English and Afrikaans Languages. You can download these past papers at no cost. If the file is publicly accessible, you… Oct 28, 2024 · Business Studies IEB Past Papers from 2011 to 2023 Can Be Instantly Viewed with Memorandum's, Downloaded and Printed from anywhere In South Africa. 2018 May & June 2018 Business Studies P1 2018 Business Studies P1 Memorandum 2018 February… Apr 10, 2018 · Examination papers and memorandam from the 2017 November exam. Previous question papers, information sheets and answer sheets all available. Jul 27, 2025 · Matric Grade 12 Previous Question Papers and Study Guides from 2008 till 2025 Official website of the National Institute for Educational Development (NIED). Business Studies Past Papers Free Download in Sinhala, Tamil and English Medium. Examination Council of Zambia Grade 7 (Grade 6), Grade 9 (Form 4) and 12 Past Papers free download from ZEDPastPapers. All grade 12 Business Studies term test papers are available as PDF files. Download Zambian past examination papers for Grade 9 (Form 4) and pass your examination with flying colours. Aug 22, 2024 · This is the NSC May/ June 2024 question paper for the supplementary National Senior Certificate Exam. How and When has everything for you needed to pass your Grade 12 exams, tests, assessments, research tasks and assignments under the South African CAPS Curriculum. Southern Province වාර විභාග ප්‍රශ්න පත්‍ර. The papers are already extracted for you to download as pdf files on your mobile device or computer. Jul 26, 2025 · On this page, you will find past exam question papers for Business Studies Grade 12 May/June exams for the year 2025. Study notes are available as well. Feel free to explore … Read more Mar 12, 2023 · Business Studies Downloaded from Stanm01£PfiYYS&s. Download study material for Grade 12 study material for Business Studies. June, Mock and End exam papers. Aug 5, 2024 · Business Studies is a dynamic and multifaceted subject that covers topics ranging from chemistry to physics. Additionally, students also need to score well on elective subjects such as Business Studies as the score can be useful when applying for business-related undergraduate programmes The table below Download free ECZ past papers in PDF format. Apr 15, 2025 · Welcome to the CONSUMER STUDIES GRADE 12 Past Exam Papers Page. pdf), Text File (. NSC past papers. Jan 12, 2024 · On this page, you will find Business Studies for Grade 12 May – June 2021 NSC DBE Exam papers and Memos. One location for all past exam papers and Memorandums. Gauteng and eastern cape mock exam papers. Ministry was established with the key objective to provide quality inclusive education and training for national development. By using past exam papers as part of your preparation, you can find out what you already know and at the same time also find out what you do not know well enough or don’t know at all. This collection consists of Business Studies past papers and memos including answer books or addendum. Nov 1, 2022 · Home > Curriculum > Curriculum Library > Examination Papers > Grade 12 Previous Question Papers and Memorandums (Answers). Reviewing past papers also helps identify important themes and topics that are frequently tested, allowing students to focus their studies more strategically. Here, we are providing the CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Previous Year Question Paper with solutions pdf year-wise from 2025 to 2014. We have collected Business Studies Grade 12 previous exam papers and memos for all terms in PDF format for free download. CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Previous Year Question Paper: Solving CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Business Studies for Class 12 is the best way to get higher marks in Board Examinations. We are pleased to present all prospective Examinations Council of Zambia (ECZ) Grade 9 Examination candidates the ECZ past exam questions for download in pdf format. This page contains official Business Studies notes for Grades 10–12, shared in the best interest of learners and teachers. And it's not just about having access to these papers; it's about the opportunities they present DOWNLOAD Business Studies, Grade 11 Past Exam Papers and Memos, from 2017 to 2019 | FET Phase Business Studies – Your Ultimate Business Studies Resource. With over 20000+ NSC past papers from 2025 to 2008, we cover every DBE Subject to help you prepare and achieve top results in your Matric Exam. The papers are for Term 1, Term 2, Term 3, Business Studies Model Papers Free Download in Sinhala, Tamil and English Medium. Jun 23, 2025 · Download Class 12 Business Studies Previous Year Question Papers with Solutions (PDF) To simplify your preparation, we’ve compiled CBSE Class 12 Business Studies past year question papers with CBSE official solutions and marking schemes in PDF format. One of the most effective strategies to overcome this challenge is to practice with past Business Studies Examination Papers. CAPS Exam papers from 2025-2012. 2023-2012 June exam, mock exam, November exam. Grade 12 past exam papers in all subjects. Copyright © 2022 - Department of Examinations, Sri Lanka. 2017 ASC Exam PapersCurriculum » Senior Certificate » 2017 SC May - June Exam papers Aug 28, 2024 · Business Studies Grade 12 September 2023 Question Paper and Memo PDF Business Studies Grade 12 September 2023: Western Cape (WC), Kwa-Zulu Natal (KZN), Gauteng (GP), Eastern Cape (EC), Mpumalanga (MP), North West (NW) and Free State (FS). ALL topics and chapters. Past exam papers are available in English and Afrikaans. Access Google Drive: The link will take you to Google Drive. Available in English and Afrikaans. jdyp mqnsg hcyiw nlt ygrkgrjz lpt ahi ntcsr lksb qsnqj